Summary. - This study presents the design of a vehicular emergency intercom system aimed at improving motorcyclist

safety through the integration of electronic circuits and sensors. The system employs an Arduino UNO R3

177.72 cm, which fall outside the operational range. This suggests the need for future adjustments. This project offers

an innovative, efficient, and easy-to-implement solution for improving road safety, featuring high sensitivity to

optimize emergency response.

Keywords: Vehicle intercom; Traffic emergency; Collision prevention; Vehicle safety.

(*) Corresponding author.

1. Introduction. - Technological progress has revolutionized emergency management, making communication an

essential factor in improving response in critical situations, such as traffic accidents. Road safety regulations, promoted

by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations (UN), highlight the importance

of having efficient communication systems that reduce response times in emergencies. These regulations underline the

transmission of vital data during critical incidents. This study justifies the need to innovate in intercom systems to

improve coordination and response to emergencies, contributing to the field of telecommunications engineering with

a solution adapted to local needs. [2].

This project has the potential to revolutionize road safety through an innovative system of emergency intercoms for

motorcycle helmets. Equipped with advanced technology, the system accurately detects falls and collisions using

proximity sensors and ultrasound. In the event of detecting a collision, the system automatically makes a call and sends

a message to an emergency contact, while, for accident prevention, it sends notifications to the driver to avoid

collisions. Experimental tests will be carried out at the Centenario Campus of the Salesian Polytechnic University of

Guayaquil, using an Arduino UNO R3 and a GSM SIM900L module to simulate accident scenarios. [3], [4].

The experimental methodology to design a risk prevention circuit for motorcycle helmets through the integration of

advanced detection and warning technologies is based on the use of the Arduino UNO R3 Board, GSM SIM900L

Modules, and proximity sensors. Initially, individual tests of each component will be carried out to ensure its

functionality, followed by its integration into a prototype using a Protoboard board and suitable connections. [5], [6].

C++ programming will develop algorithms that respond to data in real time, triggering alerts through a buzzer and

LEDs. In addition, an exhaustive review of the literature will be carried out to identify the most effective technologies,

which will guide the design of C++ software that manages the communication between sensors and the GSM module

SIM900L. Detailed simulations will assess the detection capability and accuracy in generating alerts, ensuring that the

board has an interface to make it work. [8].

To program the Arduino software, you will take coding examples found in the articles and load them onto the board.

The Arduino stands out for its versatility, used in both vehicle safety projects and education. The ease of use and

extensive support community make it ideal for both beginners and advanced projects. [9].

The Arduino is also used, as in the article, to integrate voice recognition technologies into vehicular communication

systems, demonstrating its versatility in critical communication applications. In this article, it is used for sensor

management and emergency communication, which focuses on data transmission to improve the interaction between

emergency vehicles [10], [11].

monitor the environment of the house. When one of the sensors is activated, the SIM900L module is responsible for

transmitting an alert via text messages or calls.

The GSM SIM900L module is essential for applications that require remote communication. In educational projects,

There are similar articles where buzzers are used for alerts in obstacle detection and home security systems, reinforcing

their usefulness as a warning signal in varied environments, and electromagnetic buzzers, although less common in

modern applications, are used in systems that demand greater sound intensity. [15].

In this article, he introduces the buzzer as an essential component in rapid notification systems, used for its ability to

generate immediate and effective alerts. Its application extends to educational projects, where it facilitates practical

learning of circuits and programming, as well as in vehicle and home security systems, where its distinctive sound

warns of dangerous situations or important events. This has helped us to know how the circuit works so that it can

work. [16].

In the article, the ultrasonic sensor is used in obstacle detection systems for robots and in security alarms. This

highlights the sensor's versatility for safety and navigation applications. With this base, it was possible to obtain

information to program the circuit, which in this project measures the distance between the motorcyclist's helmet and

the ground to detect falls, activating automatic alerts in case of an accident. [18], [19].

The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor is a flexible tool for both distance sensing in vehicle safety projects and robotics and

automation applications. Its easy programming and integration with Arduino make it a popular component in various

projects. By analyzing the items, it was possible to know the proper handling and what each pin is used for to connect

it to the circuit. [20].

Both jumpers and resistors are essential elements in the design and testing of electronic circuits. Jumpers provide

flexibility and ease for the temporary connection of project components, as visualized in this article, while resistors

allow precise control of current and voltage, protecting and optimizing the operation of circuits. Their correct use is

key to the development of functional and efficient circuits. [22].

You can find articles where these elements are used for the connection and fluidity of the components, in this article,

we find similar connections along with the breadboard where they fundamentally complement the operation. The

breadboard, according to the articles, is a crucial tool in electronics for the creation, testing, and adjustment of circuits.

Its ability to facilitate rapid and flexible prototyping, coupled with its ease of use, makes it indispensable for designers,

engineers, and students. [23], [24].

Python is crucial in the design and management of modern electronic circuits due to its ease of use. By integrating

Python into electronic projects, as noted in the following articles, they can automate processes in the programming of

microcontrollers and embedded systems, as well as analyze and process sensor data in real-time. Python streamlines

the implementation of algorithms, communication between devices, and the creation of intuitive interfaces for user

effective technologies to the implementation and testing of the system in a functional prototype. Each phase of

development is designed to ensure that the system not only performs optimally but also meets the required safety and

accuracy standards.

Figure I is presented below, illustrating the six main phases of the methodology for the design of the motorcycle helmet

risk prevention circuit. The detailed explanation of each phase follows below to understand their role in the overall

process:

2.2 Circuit Schematic. - To develop this project, an Arduino R3 board will be used, which will allow programming

and controlling several electronic components, as can be seen in Figure III. Among the materials to be used are a GSM

SIM900 board for mobile communication, a laptop to program and monitor the system, an operating chip, an LED

sensor, a 5V HC-SR04 4-pin ultrasonic sensor, a 4-pin pushbutton, a buzzer module, resistors, and a Protoboard board

to make the necessary connections.

for a signal. Once the signal is established, the system transmits a message confirming "alarm fully initiated," and the

red LED lights up to indicate that the GSM module has been successfully connected and is ready to go.

observation, also detailed in Table 4, suggests that the sensor's effective range for detecting collisions or impacts does

not extend within these distances, highlighting the limits of its detection capabilities outside the defined proximity

range for accurate monitoring.

Table 3 presents the results of 50 tests conducted to evaluate the performance of an emergency communication system

based on distance detection. The data includes key aspects such as the distance from the detected object or event (in

centimeters), the detection time (in seconds), the signal activation time, the SMS sending time, and the total time from

in real time, offering insights into the timeliness and reliability of the system's emergency response.

5. Discussion. - The paper [27] focused on the implementation of a visible light communication (VLC) system for

emergency vehicles, highlighting the transmission and reception of data over a radio frequency link and VLC. While

their results demonstrated the feasibility of the system, especially in terms of range (up to 200 meters for radio

frequency and 30 cm for VLC), the present study proposes a solution that integrates voice recognition, significantly

study facilitates more intuitive and accessible communication, which is crucial for people with disabilities.

The integration of speech recognition into the proposed system could further improve communication efficiency by

eliminating the need for manual intervention, which could be crucial in emergencies where time is of the essence, and

the person in need of assistance may be unable to manipulate a device. Additional data would be useful for further

analysis, such as SMS sending success rate, speech recognition error rate, and comparison with other communication

technologies used in emergency vehicles, such as radio communication systems or satellite communication systems.

The article [28] presents an innovative device that monitors the blood alcohol concentration and heart rate of drivers

using advanced sensors and wireless communication technologies. Sensors are a fundamental part of data measurement

obtained. The processed information is sent through the Node-RED platform for analysis and subsequent early warning

in case of detecting dangerous levels of alcohol in the driver's blood. In addition, the importance of 5G network

infrastructure to improve system performance in future deployments is highlighted.

In this article, measurements are noted, but through movement at the moment of suffering or about to have a collision,

for example, when the circuit detects that it is falling at a distance of 75 cm measured towards the ground, it will issue

a message with a total time of 6.25 seconds to send an emergency message to a predetermined contact, on the other

hand, when it detects a distance of 112, it will send a warning message to the same intercom user after 8.4 seconds.

Based on voice recognition for vehicular emergency communication, it is compared with state-of-the-art solutions,

signaling. In the case of vehicular intercoms with voice recognition technology, the goal is to speed up response in

traffic emergencies, enabling interaction without requiring manual use and improving accessibility for people with

disabilities. Similarly, the motion detection system with ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 and Arduino seeks to control the

capacity in closed environments, alerting in real time about the number of people present and helping to minimize the

risk of contagion in closed spaces.

Vehicular intercoms with voice recognition, with state-of-the-art solutions, such as the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor

motion detection system and Arduino from the article [29]. Both systems share the goal of improving emergency

response through instant and accurate communication and signaling. While the system focuses on interaction through

voice recognition, the article [29] focuses on capability control in closed environments.

In addition, both systems rely on data collection and analysis to improve decision-making. In the context of traffic

accidents, the integration of sensors and proper programming allows for determining the distance at which the

emergency signal will be activated, with the data obtained with all the simulations that have been performed when a

vehicle is close to suffering a collision in a set range of 2-100 cm, a collision message will be executed and executed

and counts if 10 people entered in an estimated time and alerts on the maximum allowed capacity.

However, common challenges are faced in terms of reliability and adaptability. While vehicular intercoms must be

accurate and function in various environments and emergencies with accurate cm and message execution, capacity

control systems must be able to operate in different tourist and cultural scenarios, complying with current social

distancing rules.

The article [30], which presents a system for monitoring vehicular traffic using technological devices, offers a practical

and economical solution for traffic management. The three-tier architecture, which includes a mobile tracking system,

an information gathering system, and fog devices, provides a robust platform for recording and analyzing vehicle