Revitalizing Comfort: designing an Energy–Efficient HVAC System for the University Auditorium

Abdul Samad Khan; Muhammad Ehtesham ul Haque; Adeel Ahmed Khan; Syed Izhar ul haque; Syed Obaidullah; Muhammad Umer Khan

doi:10.36561/ING.26.2

Autores

Abdul Samad Khan NED University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5449-635X
Muhammad Ehtesham ul Haque NED University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistán https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8751-348X
Adeel Ahmed Khan NED University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6790-8176
Syed Izhar ul haque NED University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistán https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5693-5879
Syed Obaidullah NED University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistán https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0168-6196
Muhammad Umer Khan NED University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistán https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7173-6395

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36561/ING.26.2

Palavras-chave:

AVAC, Público, Dimensionamento de dutos, Carga de resfriamento, Tubulação

Resumo

Hoje em dia, o conforto térmico está a tornar-se um grande problema para as pessoas devido ao aumento do aquecimento global e às alterações climáticas, mas pode ser resolvido pelo conceito de sistemas de Aquecimento, Ventilação e Ar Condicionado (HVAC). O objetivo do HVAC é proporcionar aos ocupantes uma zona de conforto para que se sintam confortáveis de acordo com o seu conforto térmico. O objetivo principal deste estudo é projetar e propor um sistema HVAC de acordo com as condições reais de projeto para o Auditório Universitário localizado em Karachi, Paquistão. No Auditório está instalado um sistema de Expansão Direta (Tipo DX) que ultrapassou sua vida útil de vinte anos. O refrigerante R-22 atualmente utilizado tornou-se obsoleto devido ao seu alto GWP (Potencial de Aquecimento Global) e ODP (Depleção de Ozônio). Potencial) valores que são 1810 e 0,05 respectivamente. Para atingir o objetivo deste estudo, duas abordagens são utilizadas. Método de diferença de temperatura de carga de resfriamento (CLTD) e software de programa de análise horária (HAP). A carga de resfriamento calculada a partir do método CLTD é de 202 kW equivalente a 57,5 toneladas de refrigeração (TR). Por outro lado, a carga de refrigeração calculada a partir do software HAP é de 192,8 kW equivalente a 55 TR. Ao considerar a carga de refrigeração calculada para o Auditório Universitário, são propostos dois sistemas HVAC diferentes, baseados no ciclo de compressão de vapor refrigerado a água e arrefecido a ar. Após este estudo, os engenheiros serão capazes de projetar um sistema HVAC para qualquer instalação com base nas condições de projeto. Além disso, eles podem propor diferentes sistemas HVAC econômicos e energeticamente eficientes para esse espaço específico.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

M. H. A. R. B. F. U. R. A. S. I. A. R. B. Yousaf, "A comprehensive review of climate change impacts, adaptation, and mitigation on environmental and natural calamities in Pakistan," 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7956-4.

D. G. R. Dr. Qamar uz Zaman Chaudhry, Ahmad Kamal, Munir Ahmad Mangrio and Shahbaz Mahmood, "Technical Report on Karachi Heat wave June 2015," 2015.

A. Yatim, I. Pamuntjak, and F. Yudhi, "Thermal Comfort Analysis of Art Centre Auditorium Utilizing R290 Refrigerant Chiller," International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, vol. 11, p. 1246, 06/30 2021, doi: 10.18517/ijaseit.11.3.14485.

J. Hoof, M. Mazej, and J. Hensen, "Thermal comfort: Research and practice," Frontiers in Bioscience, vol. 15, pp. 765-788, 01/01 2010, doi: 10.2741/3645.

P. Thirumal, K. S. Amirthagadeswaran, and S. Jayabal, "Optimization of Indoor Air Quality Characteristics in an Air-Conditioned Car Using Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 8307-8317, 2014/11/01 2014, doi: 10.1007/s13369-014-1392-0.

O. M. Al-Rabghi, A. S. Al-Ghamdi, and M. M. Kalantan, "Thermal Comfort Around the Holy Mosques," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 2125-2139, 2017/05/01 2017, doi: 10.1007/s13369-017-2464-8.

Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, A. A. S. 55-2010, 2010. [Online]. Available: http://arco-hvac.ir/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/ASHRAE-55-2010.pdf

R. Lathia and J. Mistry, "Process of designing efficient, emission free HVAC systems with its components for 1000 seats auditorium," Pacific Science Review A: Natural Science and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 109-122, 2016.

S. M. Hussain, W. Jamshed, and M. R. Eid, "Solar-HVAC Thermal Investigation Utilizing (Cu-AA7075/C6H9NaO7) MHD-Driven Hybrid Nanofluid Rotating Flow via Second-Order Convergent Technique: A Novel Engineering Study," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 3301-3322, 2023/03/01 2023, doi: 10.1007/s13369-022-07140-6.

K. Rabhi, C. Ali, R. Nciri, and H. Ben Bacha, "Novel Design and Simulation of a Solar Air-Conditioning System with Desiccant Dehumidification and Adsorption Refrigeration," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 3379-3391, 2015/12/01 2015, doi: 10.1007/s13369-015-1839-y.

M. W. Ellis and E. H. Mathews, "Needs and trends in building and HVAC system design tools," Building and Environment, vol. 37, pp. 461-470, 05/01 2002, doi: 10.1016/S0360-1323(01)00040-3.

S. Mat Dahan, S. N. Nina, M. Taib, and A. A. S. Basirul, "Analysis of heat gain in computer laboratory and excellent centre by using CLTD/CLF/SCL method," Procedia Engineering, vol. 53, pp. 655–664, 11/20 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.085.

M. Ramzan, M. S. Kamran, M. W. Saleem, H. Ali, and M. I. M. Zeinelabdeen, "Energy Efficiency Improvement of the Split Air Conditioner Through Condensate Assisted Evaporative Cooling," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 7719-7727, 2021/08/01 2021, doi: 10.1007/s13369-021-05494-x.

T. Nadeem et al., "Designing of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) System for Workshop Building in Hot and Humid Climatic Zone Using CLTD Method and HAP Analysis: A Comparison," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 47, 01/30 2022, doi: 10.1007/s13369-021-06428-3.

S. Saragasan, "The Comparison Of Cooling Load Calculation Using Manual Method And Hourly Analysis Program," Research Progress in Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 972-981, 2021.

R. Sirwan and A. Mohammed, "Comparison between hand calculation and HAP programs for estimating total cooling load for buildings," Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, vol. 28, pp. 90-96, 10/10 2016.

C. Mao, J. Baltazar, and J. Haberl, "Comparison of ASHRAE peak cooling load calculation methods," Science and Technology for the Built Environment, vol. 25, pp. 1-45, 08/13 2018, doi: 10.1080/23744731.2018.1510240.

G. Acharya, G. Yewale, M. Tendolkar, and S. Kulkarni, "Estimation and Analysis of Cooling Load for Indian Subcontinent by CLD/SCL/CLF method at part load conditions," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1240, p. 012031, 07/01 2019, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1240/1/012031.

K. Mahmud, U. Amin, M. Hossain, and J. Ravishankar, "Computational tools for design, analysis, and management of residential energy systems," Applied Energy, vol. 221, pp. 535-556, 2018.

A. A. A. Ahmed, A. A. A. Mohammed, and M. A. H. Elnoor, "Design of Air Conditioning System for Sport Hall for 1000 Occupant," Sudan University of Science and Technology, 2017.

V. Khakre, A. Wankhade, and M. Ali, "Cooling load estimation by CLTD method and hap 4.5 for an evaporative cooling system," International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1457-1460, 2017.

K. Salhi, K. Mohamed Ramadan, M. M. Hadjiat, and A. Hamidat, "Energetic and Exergetic Performance of Solar-Assisted Direct Expansion Air-Conditioning System with Low-GWP Refrigerants in Different Climate Locations," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 5385-5398, 2020/07/01 2020, doi: 10.1007/s13369-020-04426-5.

T. Aized and A. Hamza, "Thermodynamic Analysis of Various Refrigerants for Automotive Air Conditioning System," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 1697-1707, 2019/02/01 2019, doi: 10.1007/s13369-018-3646-8.

J. U. Ahamed, R. Saidur, and H. H. Masjuki, "Investigation of Environmental and Heat Transfer Analysis of Air Conditioner Using Hydrocarbon Mixture Compared to R-22," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 4141-4150, 2014/05/01 2014, doi: 10.1007/s13369-014-0961-6.

Fundamentals, ASHRAE–American society of heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, A. Handbook, 2017.

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), A. Handbook, 2013.

"Air - Thermal Conductivity vs. Temperature and Pressure." https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-properties-viscosity-conductivity-heat-capacity-d_1509.html (accessed.

W. F. S. J. W. Jones, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Mcgraw Hill Higher Education, 1982, p. 440.

"Hollow Dense Concrete Block." https://source.thenbs.com/product/hollow-dense-concrete-block/77i2jw4eN9TZCzQooqeZJq/ua2LtG5fr28yKnpspdabHt (accessed.

Fundamentals, ASHRAE–American society of heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, A. Handbook, 2001.

B. Chenari, J. Dias Carrilho, and M. Gameiro da Silva, "Towards sustainable, energy-efficient and healthy ventilation strategies in buildings: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 59, pp. 1426-1447, 2016/06/01/ 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.074.

A. M. Elsaid and M. S. Ahmed, "Indoor Air Quality Strategies for Air-Conditioning and Ventilation Systems with the Spread of the Global Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemic: Improvements and Recommendations," Environmental Research, vol. 199, p. 111314, 2021/08/01/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111314.

Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, A. Handbook, 2015.

J. Ligade and A. Razban, "Investigation of Energy Efficient Retrofit HVAC Systems for a University: Case Study," Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 20, p. 5593, 2019.

S. A. Hashmi, C. R. Prasad, S. Faheem, S. O. U. Rahman, and S. M. Ali, "Cooling Load Calculation during Summer & Duct Design and Duct Drafting for Commercial Project," Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 501-508, 2017.

Fundamentals, ASHRAE–American society of heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, A. Handbook, 1997.

S. Agarwal and D. Gera, "Study and optimisation of supply duct bend and diffuser in HVAC system for a classroom," International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 988-995, 2020.

Price - Round cone diffuser, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.priceindustries.com/content/uploads/assets/literature/catalogs/catalog-pages/section%20c/rcd-round-cone-diffuser-catalog.pdf.

Price - Louvered Grille, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.priceindustries.com/content/uploads/assets/literature/catalogs/catalog-pages/section%20d/500600700-louvered-grille-catalog.pdf.

C. C. C. A. C. Company, Handbook of Air Conditioning System Design (no. v. 1). McGraw-Hill, 1965.