Estudo termomecânico por elementos finitos dos efeitos dos parâmetros de soldagem SMAW em juntas de aços dissimilares S355J2+N / ASTM A572 Gr.50
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36561/ING.30.4Palavras-chave:
Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), Modelo elipsoidal duplo de Goldak, SMAW, Mecânica dos Sólidos, Distribuição térmicaResumo
A soldagem a arco com eletrodo revestido (SMAW) é amplamente empregada na fabricação de aço estrutural; no entanto, a resposta termomecânica de juntas de aço estrutural dissimilares permanece insuficientemente explorada por meio de modelagem numérica. Neste estudo, um modelo tridimensional transiente de elementos finitos termomecânicos é desenvolvido para investigar a soldagem a arco com eletrodo revestido de chapas de aço dissimilares S355J2+N e ASTM A572 Grau 50. A fonte de calor de duplo elipsoide de Goldak é implementada para representar a entrada de calor do arco, e um planejamento Box-Behnken é empregado para examinar sistematicamente a influência da corrente de soldagem, da tensão e da velocidade de deslocamento. A análise concentra-se na temperatura máxima, na distorção fora do plano e nos indicadores de tensão elástica derivados de uma formulação termoelástica linear. Os resultados indicam que a corrente de soldagem governa predominantemente a temperatura máxima, enquanto a velocidade de deslocamento tem a influência mais forte nos gradientes térmicos e no comportamento de distorção; a tensão apresenta um efeito secundário, mas não desprezível, na distribuição de calor. As tendências térmicas e de deformação simuladas são comparadas com estudos experimentais e numéricos publicados sobre aços estruturais comparáveis e mostram um comportamento qualitativo consistente. Devido à ausência de plasticidade, propriedades do material dependentes da temperatura e validação experimental direta, os resultados de tensão são interpretados apenas como indicadores qualitativos, em vez de tensões residuais fisicamente realistas. O estudo fornece uma estrutura de sensibilidade termoelástica baseada no método dos elementos finitos (MEF) e no planejamento de experimentos para uma combinação de aços estruturais distintos, não relatada anteriormente em estudos numéricos de soldagem com eletrodo revestido (SMAW), oferecendo informações práticas sobre a seleção de parâmetros para o controle térmico e de distorção na fabricação de aço estrutural.
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