Solución de agricultura vertical inteligente y sostenible basada en IoT para los desafíos agrícolas en Pakistán

Sadiq Ur Rehman; Muhammad Adeel Mannan; Muhammad Ahsan Shaikh; Muhammad Uzair

doi:10.36561/ING.29.7

Autores/as

Sadiq Ur Rehman IQRA University, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6308-450X
Muhammad Adeel Mannan Bahria University, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0811-4753
Muhammad Ahsan Shaikh Hamdard University, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-5689
Muhammad Uzair Islamic University of Madinah, Saudi Arabia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1063-9476

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36561/ING.29.7

Palabras clave:

Energía solar, Eficiencia hídrica, Agricultura impulsada por el IoT, Agricultura vertical, Agricultura sostenible

Resumen

La agricultura en Pakistán enfrenta desafíos críticos como la escasez de agua, el uso ineficiente de los recursos y los impactos del cambio climático, particularmente en áreas urbanas y periurbanas. Este estudio presenta un sistema de cultivo vertical inteligente alimentado con energía solar, diseñado para abordar estos problemas mediante la integración de sensores capacitivos de humedad del suelo, sensores de temperatura y humedad (DHT22) y sensores de luz (BH1750), controlados mediante Raspberry Pi 4. El sistema autónomo, alimentado por un panel solar de 100 vatios y una batería, cuenta con riego inteligente impulsado por un algoritmo de Bosque Aleatorio para optimizar el uso del agua. Durante un ensayo de seis semanas cultivando tomates cherry, el sistema logró un aumento del 60-65% en el rendimiento, un ahorro de energía del 40% y una reducción del 28,57% en el consumo de agua en comparación con los métodos tradicionales. Si bien es prometedor, las limitaciones incluyen el pequeño tamaño del ensayo y la falta de datos de impacto ambiental a largo plazo. Es necesario abordar los desafíos de escalabilidad, como el costo, el mantenimiento y las restricciones locales, para una adopción más amplia. El trabajo futuro se centrará en ampliar las variedades de cultivos, mejorar la integración de la IA y mejorar la accesibilidad para los pequeños agricultores para apoyar la agricultura urbana sostenible y la seguridad alimentaria en Pakistán.

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