Vertical Concrete Elements Striking Times
Maturity method and Uruguay Survey
Keywords:
Formwork, Maturity, Vertical concrete elementsAbstract
For the construction of vertical concrete elements temporary structures called formwork are used. Their use represents one of the higher cost that construction companies has affront and in some cases may rise up to 60% of the total cost of the concrete. In this article the results of a survey realized to more than 100 construction-related people are shown, where it can be concluded the ignorance on optimal times striking times issue. In general, the striking mechanism and timing are arbitrarily determined and non-methodology is used to determine them. Additionally, a methodology is presented to determine the striking time of vertical concrete elements by the use of the maturity method that takes into account temperature variations along the filling and striking period. This methodology allows predicting the minimum striking time regardless of the type of concrete used, through the continuous measurement of the maturity coefficients in situ.
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References
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[2] Jaramillo, “Serie aprender a investigar, del instituto colombiano de enseñanza superior,” ICFES Publicaciones, 1999.
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[7] BS 8110-2, “Structural use of concrete, Part 2: Code of practice for special circumstances,” Br. Stand. Des. Constr. Reinf. Prestress. Concr. Struct., 1985.
[8] DIN 1045-2:2008-08: Concrete, reinforced and prestressed concrete structures - Part 2: Concrete - Specification, properties, production and conformity - Application rules for DIN EN 206-1
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[18] DIN 1045-2, “Clases de exposicion.” 2008.
[19] T. A. Harrison, “Striking - Mechanical damage,” 1975.
[20] R. Nurse, “Stream Curing of Concrete,” Mag. Concr. Res., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 79–88, 1949.
[21] Saul, “Principales Underlyng the steam curing of concrete at Atmospheric pressure,” Mag. Concr. Res., vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 127–140, 1951.
[22] ASTM C1074, “Practice for Estimating Concrete Strenght by the Maturity Method,” ASTM, vol. 04, 1998.
[23] A. Brooks, A. Schindler, M. Asce, and R. W. Barnes, “Maturity Method evaluated for Various Cementitious Materials,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 1017–1025, 2008.
[24] N. Carino, H. Lew, and C. Volz, “Early Age Temperature Effects on Concrete strenght prediction by Matutity Method,” J. Am. Concr. Inst., vol. 2, 1991.
[25] N. Carino, H. Lew, and C. Volz, “Early age temperature effects on concrete strenght prediction by matiruty method,” J. Am. Concr. Inst., vol. 80, no. 2, 1983.
[26] J. R. & M. G. Richardosn, “Early age striking of formwork to GGBS concretes: a proposed decision making tool,” pp. 1–8, 2008.
[27] N. Rudeli, A. Santilli, and F. Arrambide, “Striking of vertical concrete elements: An analysis using the Maturity Method.,” Eng. Estructures, 2013.
[28] C. Masana, “Formwork Removal Specification:ICH proposal for vertical reinforced concrete elements,” Concr. Int., no. June, pp. 38–40, 2008.
[29] C. Clear, “Formwork striking times for ground granulated blastfurnace slag concrete: Test and site results,” Struct. Build. board, Struct. panel Pap. 10517, 1994.
[30] R. Calavera and J. Fernandez, “Criterios para el descimbrado de estructuras de hormigón,” Cuad. INTEMAC, vol. 3, 1991.
[2] Jaramillo, “Serie aprender a investigar, del instituto colombiano de enseñanza superior,” ICFES Publicaciones, 1999.
[3] E. Torroja, “Especial para estructuras de hormigón armado,” Instr. H.A.61, 1961.
[4] F. Eriksson, T. Hansen, and H. Holst, “Determinación del momento del desencofrado,” Estocolmo, 1962.
[5] T. A. Harrison, “Tables of Minimum Striking times for soffit and verticl formwork, Harrison,” CIRIA reports, 1977.
[6] C.I.B, “Manual of technology ‘Formwork,’” CIB Work. Comm. W67, 1985.
[7] BS 8110-2, “Structural use of concrete, Part 2: Code of practice for special circumstances,” Br. Stand. Des. Constr. Reinf. Prestress. Concr. Struct., 1985.
[8] DIN 1045-2:2008-08: Concrete, reinforced and prestressed concrete structures - Part 2: Concrete - Specification, properties, production and conformity - Application rules for DIN EN 206-1
[9] UNE-EN 1992-1-2, “Eurocódigo 2: Proyectos de estructuras de hormigón, Parte 1-2: Reglas generales, Proyecto de estructuras sometidas al fuego,” 2011.
[10] ACI 347, “Guide to Formwork for Concrete,” Am. Concr. Inst., 2004.
[11] F. Casinello, “Construcción hormigonería,” Inst. J. Herrera, 1974.
[12] C.E.B, “Manuel de technologie coffrage Bulletin,” Contrib. à la 19ème Sess. plénière du CEB, Grenade, 1976.
[13] CEB-FIP, “CEB FIP Codigo Modelo - Design code,” Com. euro Int. du Bet., 1990.
[14] EHE-08, “Normativa española para el cálculo de hormigón armado” 2008.
[15] Hurst, “Formwork construction,” 1983.
[16] A. Paez, “El coeficiente de seguridad,” Rev. obras públicas españa, 1986.
[17] J. Montoya, P. Meseguer, and M. Cabré, “Hormigón armado,” Jimenez Montoya, 1991.
[18] DIN 1045-2, “Clases de exposicion.” 2008.
[19] T. A. Harrison, “Striking - Mechanical damage,” 1975.
[20] R. Nurse, “Stream Curing of Concrete,” Mag. Concr. Res., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 79–88, 1949.
[21] Saul, “Principales Underlyng the steam curing of concrete at Atmospheric pressure,” Mag. Concr. Res., vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 127–140, 1951.
[22] ASTM C1074, “Practice for Estimating Concrete Strenght by the Maturity Method,” ASTM, vol. 04, 1998.
[23] A. Brooks, A. Schindler, M. Asce, and R. W. Barnes, “Maturity Method evaluated for Various Cementitious Materials,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 1017–1025, 2008.
[24] N. Carino, H. Lew, and C. Volz, “Early Age Temperature Effects on Concrete strenght prediction by Matutity Method,” J. Am. Concr. Inst., vol. 2, 1991.
[25] N. Carino, H. Lew, and C. Volz, “Early age temperature effects on concrete strenght prediction by matiruty method,” J. Am. Concr. Inst., vol. 80, no. 2, 1983.
[26] J. R. & M. G. Richardosn, “Early age striking of formwork to GGBS concretes: a proposed decision making tool,” pp. 1–8, 2008.
[27] N. Rudeli, A. Santilli, and F. Arrambide, “Striking of vertical concrete elements: An analysis using the Maturity Method.,” Eng. Estructures, 2013.
[28] C. Masana, “Formwork Removal Specification:ICH proposal for vertical reinforced concrete elements,” Concr. Int., no. June, pp. 38–40, 2008.
[29] C. Clear, “Formwork striking times for ground granulated blastfurnace slag concrete: Test and site results,” Struct. Build. board, Struct. panel Pap. 10517, 1994.
[30] R. Calavera and J. Fernandez, “Criterios para el descimbrado de estructuras de hormigón,” Cuad. INTEMAC, vol. 3, 1991.
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Published
2014-11-27
How to Cite
[1]
N. Rudeli and A. Santilli, “Vertical Concrete Elements Striking Times: Maturity method and Uruguay Survey”, Memoria investig. ing. (Facultad Ing., Univ. Montev.), no. 12, pp. 45–55, Nov. 2014.
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